我的英语自学成才之路: 学习脑图概览-大脑自然记忆的最佳方式

Learning Maps Overview
学习脑图概览-大脑自然记忆的最佳方式
编译：许金杰

The thinking process is a very chaotic and confusing one. Thoughts don’t follow a straight, logical path. They are the result of some million chemical processes among the brain cells each second. Thoughts follow many streams at the same time, making leaps, following a sideline and then returning to the mainstream again.
思考的过程是非常混乱，令人费解的。思维不是沿着一条直线，符合逻辑的进行的。思维是每分钟大脑里几千个化学变化过程的结果。思维在同一时间沿着多条线索，跳跃行进，多路开花，而后又转向主要的线索

If you take notes in a traditional, linear way you have to force your thinking into a logical format that is unnatural and will hamper the production of ideas. On the other hand, if you take notes in the form of a learning map you will follow the natural thinking process and make leaps when your thoughts leap. It is also very easy to add new information on lines anywhere in the map.
如果你以传统的，流水线的方式作笔记，你就必须强迫自己的思考进入一个逻辑化的形式，这种方式不自然，而且会妨碍各种想法的产生。另一方面，如果你以学习脑图的方式来记笔记，你就能跟随自然的思考模式并在你的思维需要跳跃时发生跳跃。这样非常易于添加新的信息到思维脑图的分枝上。

Here is an example: Start by defining your subject. Then write the word or draw a symbol for it in the middle of the paper. Let’s use the word ‘apple’ as a starting-point.
举一个例子：先为你的目标物体下定义，然后为目标物体在纸张的中间写字或画一个符号。我们以“苹果”这个单词作为起点。

Apple
Around this starting-point you then draw lines and write one word on each. Let the information flow for five to six minutes and follow the directions of your thoughts whichever way they take. Write down as many words as possible.
围绕苹果开始思考，划出多个引申线条，并在每条线上标出词语。思考苹果有关的信息5-6分钟，并追随你的思维触角，不管它是哪一条。尽可能多的写下相关词语，如下图

Finally you will end up having a lot of words ranging around your starting-point. By not restricting or structuring the flow of thoughts you have been able to take down a lot of words that would otherwise have been censored before they reached the conscious level in your brain. Once there they can contribute to the process of finding new ideas, new ways of putting the words, combining them with other words in the map to create new images. You have now created a map of possibilities.
最后，以苹果为起点，分列出许多词语而结束。不要限制你的思考，或者结构化你的思考线索，以便于你能下写许多东西，否则的话，在这些东西到达意识层面之前，你已经能主观的感受到了。一旦到达意识层面，这些东西有助于搜寻新的观点，新的增加词汇的方法，再脑图中用其它的词语与之组合创造新的脑图。现在你已经创建了一个新的可能的脑图。
This is what the map may look like after four or five minutes of free association:
在自由关联4-5分钟后，脑图就会看起来像下面的样子：

Add new words to the existing branches by drawing out ‘twigs’ after the subheading. Write down as many words as you think you need to be able to recall the content. The point is, by choosing the right word and using a limited number of words you will be able to remember more. Each word should contain a lot of the associations and facts you need when you talk about apples. The words will open up like flower buds and give you all the information you need.
在子标题中通过描绘新枝，添加新的词语到已有的分支上，写下你认为你需要的各种词语以便于能够回忆内容。要点是，通过选择正确的词并使用有限的数词，你将能够记住更多。当你谈论苹果时，你选用的每一个词语应该包含了许多你所需要的关联项和事例。这些选用的词语要能像花蕾盛开般涌现并给所有你需要的所有信息。
Maybe a completed learning map on ‘apple’ will look like this:
或许一个完整的有关苹果记忆的脑图看起来将像这样:

Let’s go further and use this map of the word ‘apple’. The next phase in the process is to use logical thinking in order to find a structure, to make a choice of words and find suitable connections.
让我们更进一步的来使用这个苹果脑图。接下来的部分就是要使用富有逻辑性的思考方式以便于寻找一个记忆的结构，方便你挑选标题词语，找到适当的连接点。

Pick one word, the word you feel is the most natural to start with, and highlight it.
Then pick out four, five, six words, you can use as subheadings in the structure. Those words are often of a general, comprehensive nature. If you cannot find such words in the map, make some new ones up! Write them on the lines as you can see below – one on each line. Try to limit the number of headings. Four to six should be sufficient.
挑选一个词语，这个词语是你觉得最容易自然的想起的，并把它标出来。
然后，挑选出四，五，六个词，他们要能够在结构中作为子标题使用。这些词语通常具有通用而广泛的属性。如果你在记忆脑图中不能够找出这样的词语，就自己创造一个新的群组。把他们分别写到杈枝线上，以便于你能顺着杈支向下进行。尝试着限制杈支标题的数目。四到六个应该就足够了。见图。

总结一下：
脑图记忆方法是一种扩展式群记忆方法。该方法也可称之为群记忆法，由一个记忆的点逐渐扩展；延伸触角，但很有规律。由一个点建立一个群，然后再建立一个更大的群；扩张的方向可以从以下方面来考虑：第一个方面是时间轴即从时间发展的过程来展开记忆；第二个方面是用途即从事物的各种用途来展开记忆，象船boat，可以做渔船，战船，游船，油船，鱼雷，航空母舰，鱼雷，游艇，无缝帆船；第三个方面是材质即不通物质构成同一个事物，象船boat，有木头的，铁的，水泥的，橡胶的，合金的；第四个方面是色彩，形状即同一事物不同的存在形态，比如人human，有婴儿，孩子，成人，老人等；